DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.

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Its structure is characterized by several key features:

Double Helix: DNA has a double-helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. The backbone of the helix is formed by sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, while the rungs are made up of pairs of nitrogenous bases.
Base Pairing: The nitrogenous bases adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). This complementary base pairing forms the rungs of the DNA ladder, known as base pairs.
Antiparallel Strands: The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, referred to as antiparallel. One strand runs in the 5′ to 3′ direction, while the other runs in the opposite 3′ to 5′ direction.
Genetic Code: The sequence of base pairs along the DNA strands contains the genetic information. The specific sequence determines the unique genetic instructions for an organism, including the synthesis of proteins.
Compact Structure: DNA is highly compacted to fit within the cell nucleus. It is organized into chromosomes, which consist of long strands of DNA coiled around proteins called histones.
Replication and Transcription: DNA can replicate itself to pass genetic information to daughter cells during cell division. It also serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA through a process called transcription.

These salient features collectively enable DNA to store and transmit genetic information, facilitate accurate replication, and serve as a template for the synthesis of proteins and other cellular components essential for life processes.