The measurement of inequality often involves various indices, with the Gini coefficient being a common one.

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The Gini coefficient quantifies the extent of income or wealth distribution inequality within a population. A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater inequality.

Causes of inequality are multifaceted and can include disparities in education, access to resources, employment opportunities, and discriminatory practices. Globalization, technological advancements, and policy choices also contribute to economic inequality.

The effects of inequality encompass social, economic, and political dimensions. High levels of inequality can lead to diminished social cohesion, increased crime rates, and reduced economic growth. It may also hinder access to education and healthcare for certain groups, exacerbating disparities and perpetuating a cycle of inequality across generations. Addressing inequality often involves a combination of policy measures, social initiatives, and economic reforms.