What are the major features of India’s foreign policy? Explain

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  1. Non-Alignment: One of the foundational principles of India’s foreign policy is non-alignment. This policy was developed during the Cold War era, and it emphasized maintaining equidistance from major power blocs. The aim was to preserve India’s sovereignty and independence by avoiding alignment with any specific military alliance.
  2. Strategic Autonomy: India pursues a policy of strategic autonomy, seeking to make decisions independently and in the best interest of its national security and development. This involves maintaining diverse diplomatic ties and not being overly dependent on any single country or group of countries.
  3. Global Engagement: India actively engages with the international community on various global issues. It participates in international forums, contributes to peacekeeping missions, and collaborates on issues such as climate change, sustainable development, and counter-terrorism.
  4. Neighborhood First: India places a strong emphasis on its relationships with neighboring countries. The “Neighborhood First” policy aims to enhance regional cooperation and stability, addressing common challenges and fostering economic integration within South Asia.
  5. Economic Diplomacy: Economic considerations play a significant role in India’s foreign policy. The country seeks to expand its economic ties globally, attract foreign investment, and enhance trade relations. Bilateral and regional trade agreements are pursued to strengthen economic cooperation.
  6. Soft Power Diplomacy: India leverages its cultural and historical heritage, as well as its contributions to art, literature, and philosophy, to enhance its soft power globally. Cultural exchanges, educational initiatives, and promoting Indian diaspora contribute to building positive perceptions of India.
  7. Act East Policy: In recent years, India has focused on strengthening ties with East and Southeast Asian countries through its “Act East” policy. This aims to deepen economic and strategic relations with countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
  8. Counterterrorism Cooperation: Given the global nature of terrorism, India actively participates in international efforts to counter terrorism. It seeks cooperation with other nations to address common security concerns and shares intelligence to combat transnational threats.
  9. Multilateralism: India is a strong advocate of multilateralism and actively participates in international organizations such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and various regional forums. It supports a rules-based international order and seeks reforms in global governance institutions to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.