India’s transition from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to the World Trade Organization (WTO) marked a significant shift in global trade dynamics.

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The GATT was established in 1947, focusing on reducing trade barriers, while the WTO was created in 1995, encompassing a broader range of trade-related issues.

During the GATT era, India primarily focused on import substitution policies to promote domestic industries. However, with the advent of the WTO, India had to align its trade policies with global standards, leading to economic liberalization and opening up of markets.

In terms of agriculture, India’s contributions to the WTO have been noteworthy. One key area is the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), which aims to reform international agricultural trade. India has actively engaged in negotiations related to agriculture, advocating for the concerns of developing countries.

India’s contributions include pushing for special and differential treatment, allowing developing countries flexibility in implementing trade commitments. It has emphasized the need to address issues such as subsidies, market access, and food security to safeguard the interests of its large agrarian population.

However, challenges persist, especially regarding subsidies provided by developed countries, which can distort global agricultural markets. India continues to advocate for a fair and equitable global trading system that considers the unique challenges faced by developing nations in the agricultural sector.

Overall, India’s engagement with the WTO reflects its commitment to addressing the complexities of global trade, particularly in the realm of agriculture, with a focus on ensuring the welfare of its farmers and safeguarding national interests.