The concept of the soul in the Santhal Tribe, an indigenous community in India, reflects their unique worldview and spiritual beliefs.
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In Santhal culture, the soul is often referred to as “Bongas” or “Marang Buru,” representing a complex understanding of spiritual essence intertwined with nature, ancestors, and the community.
For the Santhal Tribe, the soul is not seen as an isolated individual entity but rather as a part of the larger cosmic order. It is believed to have a connection with the natural elements, deities, and the spirits of ancestors. The soul’s journey is seen as cyclical, involving reincarnation and a continuous interplay between the physical and spiritual realms. Rituals, dances, and songs are integral to Santhal life, serving as means to communicate with the spiritual realm and maintain harmony between the human and divine.
In contrast, the concept of the soul in the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu scripture, is more individualistic and is referred to as the “Atman.” According to the Gita, the Atman is eternal, indestructible, and distinct from the material body. It is considered a fragment of the divine, transcending the cycles of birth and death. The Gita emphasizes the importance of self-realization and understanding the true nature of the soul to attain spiritual liberation (moksha).
While both the Santhal concept of the soul and the Gita’s concept involve a spiritual dimension, they differ in their emphasis and context. The Santhal worldview integrates the soul into the broader ecological and communal framework, emphasizing interconnectedness with nature and ancestors. In contrast, the Gita’s concept of the soul is more focused on individual liberation and the realization of one’s divine nature.
Despite these differences, both concepts share a fundamental recognition of the spiritual aspect of human existence and the belief in a transcendent reality. The varying perspectives highlight the diverse ways in which different cultures and philosophies approach the profound question of the nature of the soul and its place in the larger cosmos.