During the current year AB Ltd. Showed a profit of Rs. 1,80,000 on a sale of Rs.30,00,000. The variable expenses were Rs. 21,00,000. You are required to calculate: 1. The break even sales at present. 2. The break even sales if variable cost increased by 5%. 3. The break even sales to maintain the profit as at present, if the selling price is reduced by 6 per cent.

1. Break-Even Sales at Present:

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[ \text{Break-Even Sales} = \frac{\text{Fixed Costs}}{\text{Contribution Margin Ratio}} ]

Given that:

  • Profit = Rs. 1,80,000
  • Sales = Rs. 30,00,000
  • Variable Expenses = Rs. 21,00,000

[ \text{Contribution Margin Ratio} = \frac{\text{Contribution}}{\text{Sales}} ]
[ \text{Contribution} = \text{Sales} – \text{Variable Expenses} ]
[ \text{Fixed Costs} = \text{Sales} – \text{Variable Expenses} – \text{Profit} ]

Calculate Contribution Margin Ratio and then use the formula to find Break-Even Sales.

2. Break-Even Sales if Variable Cost Increased by 5%:

[ \text{Break-Even Sales (new)} = \frac{\text{Fixed Costs}}{\text{Contribution Margin Ratio (new)}} ]

With a 5% increase in variable costs:
[ \text{Variable Expenses (new)} = \text{Variable Expenses} + 0.05 \times \text{Variable Expenses} ]

[ \text{Contribution (new)} = \text{Sales} – \text{Variable Expenses (new)} ]
[ \text{Contribution Margin Ratio (new)} = \frac{\text{Contribution (new)}}{\text{Sales}} ]

Now, use the formula to find Break-Even Sales with the increased variable costs.

3. Break-Even Sales to Maintain the Profit with a 6% Reduction in Selling Price:

[ \text{Break-Even Sales (reduced price)} = \frac{\text{Fixed Costs}}{\text{Contribution Margin Ratio (reduced price)}} ]

With a 6% reduction in selling price:
[ \text{Sales (reduced price)} = \text{Sales} – 0.06 \times \text{Sales} ]

[ \text{Contribution (reduced price)} = \text{Sales (reduced price)} – \text{Variable Expenses} ]
[ \text{Contribution Margin Ratio (reduced price)} = \frac{\text{Contribution (reduced price)}}{\text{Sales (reduced price)}} ]

Now, use the formula to find Break-Even Sales with the reduced selling price to maintain the profit as at present.

Note: Ensure to use consistent units for all calculations (e.g., lakhs or rupees).